Journal of Exercise, Movement, and Sport (SCAPPS refereed abstracts repository)
Abstract 3: Celebrating Eric Roy’s research advances in apraxia: uncovering pathways to action and apraxia typologies
Dr. Eric Roy’s apraxia research (i.e., a disorder of learned, skilled purposeful movement) is distinguished and internationally recognized by both basic and clinician scientists. In fact, Dr. Roy’s collaborative research with clinician Dr. Sandra Black provided important advancements in the diagnosis and identification of apraxia. This presentation will focus on three facets of Dr. Roy’s apraxia research. First, I will discuss how Dr. Roy’s understanding of the kinematics of reaching and grasping led to the development of a multi-dimensional scoring system that advanced the resolution of apraxia diagnosis beyond simple gesture recognition systems. Second, Dr. Roy’s research employed gesture pantomime and imitation evaluation to understand distinct pathways to action and to better understand apraxia typologies (e.g., ideational vs. ideomotor). Third, Dr. Roy’s career-long interest in manual performance and preference asymmetries translated to his apraxia research and provided an evidence-based approach indicating distinct apraxic movement deficits arising from unilateral left and right hemisphere stroke. This approach in movement disorders stimulated interest and continuing discoveries among Dr. Roy’s graduate students pursuing research in theoretical, experimental and clinical neuropsychology/neurology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Exercise, Movement, and Sport (SCAPPS refereed abstracts repository)
Cross-Lagged Associations Between Social Support and Physical Activity in Older Adults: Understanding Direction of Effects
Regular physical activity (PA) offers substantial health benefits for older adults, enhancing longevity and quality of life. Social support may encourage PA engagement, while PA itself can create opportunities to foster social ties. However, longitudinal evidence on these reciprocal relationships is limited. This study used data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) to examine whether (1) nine social support factors predict PA over time, (2) PA predicts these social factors, and (3) these associations vary by demographic characteristics. The sample included 18,110 adults aged 65 and older (M = 73.02, SD = 5.67), assessed at two time points approximately three years apart. A cross-lagged path model tested prospective relationships, and invariance testing assessed moderation by sex, sexual orientation, living alone, country of birth, caregiving status, and income. Model fit was excellent (CFI = .97, SRMR = .18, RMSEA = .03). Social participation (β = .034), social networks (β = .061), affectionate support (β = .026), and social contact frequency (β = .017) significantly and positively predicted future PA. Conversely, PA significantly and positively predicted social participation (β = .042), social networks (β = .042), social contact frequency (β = .017), and domestic partnership status (β = .022), and significantly negatively predicted online communication (β = –.019). However, no moderation effects were found, suggesting these associations were consistent across demographic groups. These findings highlight the bidirectional relationship between PA and social connections in older adults and underscore the importance of fostering social networks to support healthy aging.
Exploring Physical Activity as a Moderator of Appearance-Related Emotions and Mental Health
Appearance-related self-conscious emotions (e.g., shame, guilt, authentic and hubristic pride) are important correlates of poor mental health. Although physical activity (PA) is a well-established protective factor for poor mental health, its role in the relationship between appearance-related emotions and symptoms of depression and anxiety remains underexplored. This study examined whether PA moderated the associations between appearance-related emotions and symptoms of depression and anxiety in emerging adults. Participants (N=298; Mage[SD]=23.55[3.78]; 65% women) completed online self-report measures of PA (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire), appearance-related emotions (BASES), and poor mental health symptoms (PHQ-9, GAD-7). PA was dichotomized as “active” or “inactive” using standard MET cutoffs. Controlling for age and gender, a MANCOVA revealed a significant multivariate effect of PA status on appearance-related emotions and poor mental health symptoms (F(6, 257)=2.66, p =.015). Active students reported significantly higher appearance-related authentic (p<.001) and hubristic pride (p=.006); there were no significant differences for shame, guilt, depression symptoms, or anxiety symptoms (ps>.05). Bivariate correlations and linear regressions showed significant associations (ps<.05) between all emotions and poor mental health outcomes in expected directions. However, moderation models testing PA as a protective factor yielded non-significant interactions. These findings suggest complex relationships among these variables, with other psychological factors likely involved (e.g., body dissatisfaction), warranting further study. Future research should also use objective PA assessments to clarify how specific activity types and intensities interact with emotions to affect mental health, guiding more precise, emotion-informed interventions for emerging adults.
Internalized Body Size Stigma Hinders Adaptation of a Different Body in Virtual Reality
Internalized body size stigma contributes to negative body image and can distort how individuals perceive their own body. Virtual reality (VR) offers a potentially novel platform for interventions that alter body representation when the user embodies a virtual body (i.e., an avatar) that is different from their own body. However, the influence of pre-existing body image attitudes on the virtual embodiment process remains unclear. In the present study, we used a body-scaled affordance paradigm to examine how embodying avatars with altered body size (20% smaller, equal, or 20% larger; N = 20 per condition) affects body perception in VR and how this effect is modulated by body image constructs. Participants completed affordance tasks in physical and virtual environments in which they were presented with an aperture (space between two poles) of varying widths. Participants were asked to determine the minimal apertures they could pass through in both action (walk sideways through adjustable apertures) and perception (visually estimating aperture width) tasks. Affordance ratios were calculated as the ratio of thresholds from the perception and action tasks. These ratios were adjusted for VR-specific distortions and used as indicators of perceived body size relative to one’s action capabilities (i.e., the physical/avatar body size). Regression analyses revealed that higher internalized body size bias and body-related guilt were associated with persistent overestimation of body size in VR. These findings highlight that negative body image attitudes and emotions, particularly those linked to body size stigma, may hinder perceptual adaptation to altered body representations in VR.
One-on-one and group-based physical activity intervention compared to a wait-list control for post-secondary student mental health and social well-being: A 3-arm parallel randomized controlled
Post-secondary students face elevated mental health risks, yet scalable, evidence-based prevention strategies remain limited. Physical activity (PA) is a promising intervention, yet implementation factors to support scalability are underexamined. Guided by the COM-B model, this three-arm parallel randomized controlled trial (hybrid effectiveness-implementation design), evaluated the effects of 6-week supervised one-on-one (1:1) and group PA, compared to a waitlist control, on mental health, social well-being, and PA behaviour. Outcomes were assessed at baseline (T1), 6-weeks (T2), and 1-month-follow-up (T3) using linear mixed-effects models. A mixed-methods process evaluation assessed implementation factors including acceptability (e.g., enjoyment), fidelity (e.g., COM-B processes), reach, and adherence. Quantitative outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, or chi-square tests, and qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Physically inactive students experiencing poor mental health were randomized (N = 115; M (SD)age = 25.42 (6.14); 76% women; 60% diagnosed mental illness) to 1:1 PA (n = 40), group PA (n = 41), or waitlist (n = 34). Relative to the waitlist, both PA formats reduced depression and psychological distress while improving well-being and social connectedness at post-intervention (T1–T2) and at follow-up (T1–T3). The 1:1 delivery reduced anxiety at both timepoints and improved social support at follow-up. Group delivery showed anxiety reductions at follow-up. All improvements were maintained (T2 to T3). 1:1 delivery showed higher adherence, acceptability, and greater fidelity to supporting students’ capability for physical activity. The findings highlight how delivery format, a key contextual factor in the PA–mental health relationship, influences both effectiveness and implementation.
Developing an evidence- and expert-informed disability-specific competency-based framework for qualified exercise professionals: Lessons learned from working in partnership
Competency-based education (CBE) evidences the potential to enhance trainees’ abilities (i.e., knowledge, skills, and attitudes) to provide quality care across many health contexts. However, qualified exercise professional (QEP) training in Canada has yet to adopt CBE. Moreover, many QEPs may not receive formal or standardized training about supporting exercise for persons with disabilities (PWDs). Resultingly, many PWDs experience interpersonal and organizational barriers that impede their full and effective participation in exercise. Standardizing QEP training to include a disability-specific competency-based framework potentiates vast improvements in QEPs’ abilities to support PWDs while exercising. However, literature describing how to develop competency-based frameworks is unclear and variable. In this manuscript, we discuss the process of developing a draft disability-specific competency-based framework for QEPs to support PWDs while exercising. Guided by the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II Instrument and a six-step model for developing competency frameworks in healthcare professions, this project established consensus on an evidence- and expert-informed scope and purpose statement and framework structure for a disability-specific competency-based framework for QEPs. Our consensus-based process included the meaningful engagement of key partners at all stages of research. Our approach aims to further formalize the rigor of developing a competency-based framework and eventual CBE curriculum for QEPs in Canada.
Using the capability, opportunity, and motivation (COM-B) model to understand the readiness of recreational physical activity (PA) professionals to teach wheelchair skills training
Wheelchair skills training is associated with positive outcomes related to rehabilitation, confidence, and community participation. Unfortunately, the majority of clinicians in Canada do not report delivering wheelchair skills training to their clients due to a lack of time, knowledge, and resources. One solution is to extend training delivery from healthcare settings into recreational PA settings. This study explored the knowledge and preferred learning of PA professionals towards wheelchair skills training in recreational programming. Ten PA professionals (60% female, ages 19-45) participated in an online, 60-minute interview. The interview guide was semi-structured and informed by Michie et al.’s capability, opportunity, and motivation (COM-B) model and Evan et al.’s quality participation framework. Data were hand-transcribed and analyzed using abductive reflexive thematic analysis. Four themes were identified in total, with two themes and one subtheme speaking directly to the capabilities, opportunities, and motivations of PA professionals: Bring It On discusses the PA professionals’ limited awareness of wheelchair skills training and their motivation to learn more about this resource; The Basics describes existing gaps in the PA professionals’ capabilities (i.e. familiarity with wheelchair skills) and opportunities (i.e. education on wheelchair use) required to teach wheelchair skills training; and Let Me Try outlines the desired learning preferences of the PA professionals towards wheelchair skills training. In summary, PA professionals feel motivated towards learning more about wheelchair skills training; however, they have had limited opportunity to learn about wheelchair use and are not currently capable of teaching wheelchair skills training on their own.
Evaluating Group Physical Activity Resources for Older Pakistani Women
The population of Pakistani women aged 55 and older is steadily increasing in Canada. However, limited access to culturally tailored programs makes it difficult for many older women to feel included in recreational physical activity (PA). For older Pakistani women particularly, barriers such as unfamiliarity with group activity settings, safety concerns, and cultural inappropriateness contribute to social isolation and reduced PA engagement. This study aimed to investigate the availability and inclusivity of group PA programs for older Pakistani women in Calgary and surrounding areas. An environmental scan was conducted using a structured Google search with terms including older women, Pakistani, group physical activity, program, and Calgary—along with variations of each domain—to identify relevant PA programs. Four programs met our inclusion criteria, with two no longer active due to financial limitations. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted with fitness professionals (n = 3) identified in the scan, and data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Four themes were identified: (1) the need for accessible, tailored educational resources; (2) the importance of bridging language and cultural barriers; (3) the critical role of community leaders and fitness professionals in promoting participation; and (4) the influence of program location and cost. Findings indicate that current group PA offerings often do not align with the cultural or linguistic needs of older Pakistani women, creating a barrier to meaningful engagement. This research highlights the need for greater support and guidance for fitness program developers to better serve this demographic and promote inclusive, community-based PA participation.
The timing and consistency of physical activity during adolescence predict positive mental health in early adulthood
Background: Evidence suggests that adolescents’ physical activity (PA) influences mental health in young adulthood. However, it remains unclear whether this association reflects a cumulative effect or is driven by PA during specific periods in adolescence. Purpose: To determine whether PA accumulated throughout adolescence or at certain stages of adolescence more strongly predicts positive mental health in early adulthood. Methods: 536 participants in the MATCH longitudinal study self-reported their PA annually over eight years during adolescence, and their positive mental health across four years in early adulthood. Adolescent PA history was computed as either the Cumulative Index of Exposure (CIE), which captures the total PA, or the Weighted Cumulative Exposure (WCE), assigning specific weights to exposure at each age. Linear mixed models were used to examine associations between adolescent PA history (CIE or WCE) and early adult positive mental health. Results: Positive mental health declined during early adulthood (β = -1.11; 95% CI: -1.73 to -0.49). Total adolescent PA (CIE) and PA accumulated toward the end of adolescence (WCE) were both positively associated with better initial levels of positive mental health in early adulthood. None of the total adolescence PA or PA accumulated at specific periods of adolescence was associated with a change in positive mental health during early adulthood. Discussion: These findings confirm long-term benefits of adolescent PA on early adult mental health and identify late adolescence as an important period. Efforts to promote sustained PA, especially in later adolescence, may help people maintain better mental health for many years.
Enhancing Quality Participation: The Adapted Bingocize® Leader Training for Autistic Children and Youth
Adapted Bingocize® combines bingo with movement-based activities to introduce autistic children and youth to physical activity (PA) in a fun, community-based format. Effective training of coaches and PA leaders is essential for optimizing implementation and ensuring high-quality PA experiences. Grounded in the Quality Parasport Participation Framework, this study aimed to develop and evaluate an online facilitator training program designed to prepare community leaders to deliver inclusive PA programs such as Adapted Bingocize®, with an emphasis on autonomy, belonging, challenge, engagement, mastery, and meaning. The self-paced program consisted of five modules with instructional videos, documents, and end-of-module quizzes. Seven participants completed the training. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. Participants valued the flexibility of the self-paced structure and the concise and digestible video content. However, they expressed interest in more interactive elements and recommended adding an ice-breaker activity to promote belongingness. A key recommendation specific to Adapted Bingocize® was to add a demonstration video showing room setup and gameplay to increase preparedness. Findings indicate that a flexible, modular training format is a feasible and acceptable strategy for preparing community leaders to deliver inclusive PA programs. Future studies should examine the potential of interactive and community-building features to enhance facilitator engagement and readiness. This study provides practical insights for scaling inclusive PA opportunities for autistic children and youth.
Promoting Fundamental Movement Skills Through Game-Based Intervention Design
Fundamental movements skills (FMS) represent locomotor, object control, and stability skills required for long-term participation in physical activity. This pilot program delivered a game-based intervention in a lower socioeconomic community and aimed to promote FMS in children (ages 8-12), and to explore instructional strategies employed by volunteers. Instructors (N=13) guided children (N=30) through an 8-week program, emphasizing 1-2 FMS per session. FMS were assessed pre- and post-intervention through the Test of Gross Motor Development, and instructional strategies were coded using the Instrument for Identifying Teaching Styles. Children who completed the entire intervention (N =11) demonstrated improvements in both locomotor (+3.27) and ball skills (+2.91) scores, though not significant. Additional baseline analyses were insignificant. Descriptive statistics demonstrated that boys scored higher in ball skills (Mdiff = 2.06 points), while girls scored higher in locomotor skills (Mdiff = .77 points). Older children at baseline scored significantly higher than younger children in ball skills (p < .01, Mdiff = 7.99 points). No significant differences emerged across instructional styles, with no significant associations between FMS and instructional strategies. Locomotor (B =-.104) and overall FMS (B = -.088) demonstrated slightly stronger associations for instructor-led styles, while ball skills (B = .014) demonstrated slightly stronger associations for child-led styles. A lack of significant findings may may be attributed to the use of varied instructional approaches. Findings underscore a need for pedagogical training for community instructors, as well as supporting the potential benefits of a game-based program to promote FMS in underserved communities.
“It’s something that I can be proud of”: A narrative analysis of body-related pride and physical activity
The body-related self-conscious emotion of pride has traditionally been understood as positively valanced and multifaceted, and an important correlate and outcome of physical activity. However, the evaluative, appearance-salient nature of these environments may influence affective experiences. Consequently, recent conceptual and empirical challenges have been directed toward pride research. Some researchers have argued that a focus on appearance may undermine a holistic understanding of body image. Broader concerns surround the validity of distinguishing between pride facets given the strong association between authentic and hubristic pride, alongside differing effects when examining body image correlates (e.g., self-esteem, self-compassion, body appreciation). Findings remain mixed, warranting qualitative exploration into the nuances between facets. To address these challenges, the present study explored the development, experiences, and function of authentic and hubristic pride in the context of appearance and physical activity. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven emerging adult women (Mage=18.6 years) and analyzed using narrative thematic analysis. Three overarching themes were identified: (i) adolescence as a starting point for body-related pride, (ii) reclaiming the body through its function, and (iii) authentic pride as a motivator for physical activity. Participants struggled to recall experiences of appearance-related pride, with narratives rooted in body/weight commentary and societal ideals. When exploring temporality, participants’ focus shifted from appearance to function. Authentic pride had enduring effects on well-being while hubristic pride was fleeting. These findings highlight the nuanced role of pride in body image experiences and support the need for a more complex model of pride in physical activity contexts.
The Relationship between Mental Skills and Pain Experiences in Individuals with Persistent Low Back Pain
Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) is a global disability with strong psychosocial contributors, despite this fact, rehabilitation often neglects the psychological dimensions of pain and, physiotherapy still focuses mainly on biomechanics. This observational study explores the relationship between mental skills (mental imagery, self-compassion, pain self-efficacy), pain experience and functional abilities. Higher self-compassion, more adaptive imagery use, and stronger pain self-efficacy were expected to be associated with lower pain and better functioning. 176 adults (25–55 y; ≥12 weeks CNSLBP for an intensity of at least 30) will complete online questionnaires: Visual Analogue Scale (pain), Self-Compassion Scale, adapted Athletic Injury Imagery, Pain Self-Efficacy, and Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire. Pilot data with 12 participants (aged 27–49; M = 33 years; 58% female; BMI < 30) completed the questionnaires. Pain intensity averaged 62.08/100, with a higher value indicating more pain. In these pilot data, pain self-efficacy correlated negatively with disability, r(10) = –.74, p = .006; healing imagery correlated with pain-management imagery, r(10) = .70, p = .011; and pain-management imagery correlated with overall mental skills, r(10) = .64, p = .025. Subscales of self-compassion positively correlated with each other and with mental imagery dimensions, suggesting a cohesive psychological profile. However, pain management imagery use was lower compared to motivational and healing imagery. Identifying modifiable psychological predictors could encourage clinicians to integrate compassion-focused interventions, guided imagery, and efficacy training into routine care, bridging the current mind–body gap and enhancing rehabilitation outcomes for people living with CNSLBP.
Exploring Women’s Experiences in a YMCA Health and Wellness Program for Mothers of Newborns
Postpartum is a transformative and challenging period marked by significant physiological, emotional, and psychosocial changes. Extensive research supports the benefits of physical activity (PA) for physical recovery and psychological well-being among new mothers, yet many face barriers including time constraints, fatigue, lack of childcare, and financial limitations - challenges intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, and recent social and economic pressures. YMCA Northumberland’s Mothers of Newborns (MON) health and wellness program aims to address some of these challenges by offering free YMCA facility access, flexible fitness programming, childcare, and community support to new mothers. This research explores the experiences of women within the YMCA MON program, guided by Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Becoming a Mother (BAM) framework. Current and past MON program participants engaged in a semi-structured virtual interview exploring their experiences. Findings highlight mothers’ shared positive experiences, with mothers emphasizing the program’s role in helping them overcome common postpartum challenges. Key themes emerged in the areas of reclaiming identity (i.e., reconnecting with and prioritizing themselves beyond their caregiving role), building community (i.e., fostering connection, emotional support, and belonging, rather than isolation), and sustaining physical health (i.e., regaining confidence in their bodies and maintaining PA routines). Collectively, findings highlight the role of MON programming in supporting mothers' psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, relatedness; SDT) and evolving maternal identities (i.e., navigating role changes, developing a maternal self-concept, rebuilding social supports and connections; BAM), signaling the value of expanding programs to other YMCAs/communities to better support postpartum well-being across diverse settings.
Leave no one behind: A rapid review for recruiting persons experiencing disabilities in research
Engaging participants experiencing disabilities in all phases of research can lead to feasible study designs for research teams, improved study uptake, and more readily utilized findings. Unfortunately, many barriers persist for persons experiencing disabilities looking to participate in research processes focused on sport and exercise. While barriers to research participation exist at all stages of the research, research participation often begins with research recruitment, which invites participants to participate based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The purpose of this project was to understand how researchers can make research study participation more appealing, feasible, and accessible for persons experiencing disabilities. We conducted a rapid review of the peer-reviewed literature, adhering to rapid review guidelines. An engagement team was formed with three community members experiencing disabilities who helped co-create the review protocol. Three library databases were searched: CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts, and Web of Science. Studies were screened by two reviewers. Included research studies (n=14) focused on community-based studies, interventions, or research reflections and included three disability groups (intellectual, physical, and sensory disabilities). A total of 26 recruitment strategies (e.g., actions to help promote recruitment success) were extracted and mapped onto participant, research team, institutional, and societal levels of the Social Ecological Model (SEM) and situated by barrier category (e.g., physical, attitudinal, systemic, expertise related). Identified strategies highlighted the importance of disability-specific training and flexibility for research teams, trust building with participants, and appropriate ethical policies. Findings will help improve recruitment efforts for engaging individuals experiencing disabilities in sport and exercise research.
Reallocating daily movement behaviours and psychological distress: Disproportionate impacts for university students with disabilities
University students experience elevated psychological distress, and experiencing a disability may amplify that risk. While physical activity, sleep, and sedentary behaviour are linked to mental health, limited research has examined how reallocating time between these behaviours affects distress, particularly for students with disabilities. Grounded in time-use epidemiology principles, this study examined how reallocating time among daily movement behaviours relates to psychological distress and whether associations differed by disability status. Data were drawn from the Canadian Campus Wellbeing Survey (N=4472; 7% disabled; Mage(SD)=22.6(5.1)). Isotemporal substitution models estimated effects of replacing 10 minutes/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time, or sleep with another behaviour on psychological distress, measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Interaction terms tested whether effects differed by disability status. Replacing sedentary time with sleep (β=–0.15, SE=0.017, p < .001) or MVPA (β=–0.07, SE=0.025, p=.005) was associated with significantly lower distress. Replacing sleep with sedentary time (β=0.15, SE=0.017, p<.001) or MVPA (β=0.08, SE=0.030, p=.006) and replacing MVPA with sedentary time (β=0.07, SE=0.024, p=.004), were associated with increased distress. Two significant interactions showed stronger negative effects of sedentary time for students with disabilities: replacing MVPA (interaction: β=0.063, SE=0.024, p=0.008) or sleep (interaction: β=0.061, SE=0.025, p=0.014) with sedentary time were more strongly associated with distress. These results highlight students with disabilities as an at-risk group. For exercise psychology, they highlight the need for inclusive, accessible, theory-informed interventions targeting sedentary time to promote mental health equity.
Don’t believe everything you see: Piloting the FLICC misinformation framework with fitness inspiration Instagram posts
Background: Social media is popular for sharing exercise content such as fitness inspiration under various hashtags including “fitspo” or “fitsporation”. It is also an opportunity for false information to circulate rapidly, disguised as informative content. The FLICC Framework identifies misinformation as messages containing at least one of five constructs: Fake experts, Logical fallacies, Impossible expectations, Cherry picking, or Conspiracy theories. Purpose: To apply the FLICC Framework for misinformation to popular fitness inspiration posts found on Instagram, and explore whether these media fit a misinformation profile. Methods: A systematic sample of 120 Instagram posts + accompanying biographies were collected, searching “fitsporation”; 100 posts met inclusion criteria. Two researchers coded 33% of the data with excellent agreement for all five FLICC constructs, all Intraclass Correlations ≥0.87, 95% CI [.87, .97], p< .001. The primary coder completed remaining posts independently. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the number of posts that contained at least one FLICC construct for misinformation, x2(1) = 9.00, p=.03; 35 posts contained no misinformation, 65 posts did contain misinformation. Posts with 5 misinformation constructs were most prevalent, found in 14% of the posts. Cherry picking, x2(1) = 5.76, p=.02 and conspiracy theories x2(1) = 92.16, p<.01 were observed the least. Discussion: Fitness inspiration content is likely to contain at least some element of misinformation, containing logical fallacies and impossible expectations, presented by fake experts. This may help to explain negative influences to mood state and body objectification, seen in prior work.
Meeting Families Where They Are: Lessons Learned from the Health On the Move for Equity (HOME) Program
Many Canadian children and families face disproportionate access to the social determinants of health leading to persistent health inequities. In response, Healthy Kids HOME (Health On the Move for Equity) was developed as a place-based, community-driven health promotion program aimed at reducing systemic barriers by bringing services directly into equity-deserving Thunder Bay, Ontario neighbourhoods. Guided by a multi-sectoral steering committee and grounded in a Participatory Action model, HOME delivered resident-informed programming through local Healthy Kids Sites, targeting four pillars: physical activity, nutrition, mental health, and smoking cessation. Strong community partnerships underpinned program delivery, with a central goal of increasing resident engagement while supporting behaviour change and other self-identified needs. Between 2020 and 2025, HOME delivered more than 2,000 program offerings, reaching 20,000+ unique and repeat participants. A flagship initiative, I Love To…, focused on physical activity and was implemented in collaboration with the City of Thunder Bay. This component encompassed 36 unique programs delivered across three neighbourhoods, ranging from hockey and soccer to archery and cultural games, emphasizing accessibility and inclusion. This presentation will highlight key program outcomes, enabling factors (e.g., neighbourhood-based delivery, no-cost participation, resident co-design), and persistent challenges (e.g., staffing, complex funding structures, infrastructure limitations) associated with developing, implementing, and evaluating a multi-faceted community-based health promotion initiative. The HOME model demonstrates a scalable, partnership-anchored approach to improving health behaviours among children and families who are historically excluded from mainstream opportunities. Its success reinforces the value of culturally responsive, low-barrier, and locally tailored programming in advancing health equity.
“A stronger sense of community than most people think”: Exploring barriers and facilitators to physical activity and the role of acculturation among international students at a mid-sized university in Northwestern Ontario
University students face unique challenges that can impact their participation in physical activity (PA). Barriers, including stress, varying priorities, and lack of social support, often result in lower PA engagement, despite its mental and physical benefits. To date, little research exists on international student PA experiences, and more is needed, given the unique circumstances they may face. This study explored the barriers and facilitators to PA and the role of acculturation in shaping international students’ participation. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight international students (five males, three females; ages 18-28, M = 22.75) at a mid-sized university in Northwestern Ontario, all of whom had lived in Canada for less than five years. Participants were enrolled in various academic programs, including kinesiology (n = 3), economics/political science (n =2), and one each in psychology, engineering, and geology. Data were analyzed using deductive and inductive thematic analysis. Barriers to PA participation included time constraints, weather, availability of facilities, and lack of social support. In contrast, social support, facility access, health benefits, and self-empowerment facilitated engagement. Acculturation factors, such as navigating cultural differences, adjusting to PA norms, and adapting to the Canadian environment, influenced participation both positively and negatively. Participant recommendations for universities included improving resource awareness, enhancing facility access, and offering culturally inclusive programming. These findings highlight the importance of addressing structural and cultural barriers while promoting PA as a tool for integration and well-being. Future research should expand to more diverse samples across multiple Canadian institutions to improve transferability.
Body Image and Physical Activity in Older Adult Vietnamese Women
Body image is salient in physical activity contexts because they can provide opportunities for positive embodied experiences as well as social comparisons and concerns about body surveillance, for example. Body image perceptions are informed by social and cultural contexts; however, much of the physical activity research surrounding the body is focused on young, White people with Western cultural origins. The purpose of this study was to understand experiences with physical activity and body image among older adult Vietnamese women living in Canada. We examined the role Vietnamese cultural discourses, age, and gender in the relationship participants had with physical activity and their bodies. Four women (age 56-83) were interviewed in English and/or Vietnamese. Using semantic translation and reflexive thematic analysis 4 main themes were identified: (a) social pressures and internalized expectations to be small, (b) focusing on physical function to cope with negative feelings about appearance, (c) expectations to prioritize caring for others, and (d) the feeling of being judged is hard to resist. These results were interpreted in light of how social comparison, generational differences, language surrounding thin and youthful cultural ideals and dress, cultural discourses surrounding weight and health, ageism, tensions between gender roles and expectations to take care of oneself and attend to appearance, and internalization and self-reinforcement created challenges for experiencing positive body image and engaging in physical activity.
Evaluating a 12-Week Yoga Intervention for Gynecologic Cancer Survivors Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling
Objective: Yoga benefits individuals following cancer treatment; however, researchers have primarily focused on breast cancer populations and used study designs that preclude examination of trends over time. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a co-created Hatha yoga program on repeated measures of patient-reported outcomes among gynecologic cancer survivors. Methods: A multiple baseline series N-of-1 A1BA2 trial design was used. Participants completed a 12-week bi-modal Hatha yoga program with optional group discussions, journals, and pre-recorded videos for at-home practice. Outcomes were assessed via online questionnaires prior to (A1; 3-5 timepoints), during (B; 3 timepoints), and after the program (A2; 3 timepoints). Data from 20 participants (Mage=62.4 years) were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling following a stepwise model-building approach. Results: Piecewise models including fixed (i.e., an intercept and slopes for A1, B, and A2) and random (i.e., an intercept) effects fit the data best. Significant (p<.05) improvements were observed in quality of life (A1: b=0.96, SE=0.44; B: b=0.44, SE=0.11), cognitive function (B: b=0.12, SE=0.05), sexual distress (A1: b=-0.93, SE=-0.93; B: b=-0.25, SE=-0.25), negative body image (B: b=-0.22, SE=0.10), and perceived stress (B: b=-0.24, SE=0.06). Fatigue (A2: b=-0.12, SE=0.06) and perceived stress (A2: b=0.10, SE=0.04) worsened after the program. Conclusions: Results offer preliminary evidence that a co-created yoga program may improve and maintain (up to 8 weeks) patient-reported outcomes for gynecologic cancer survivors. These findings lay important groundwork for a future hybrid implementation-effectiveness trial to evaluate the program’s real-world impact and scalability.
“Good for my body. Good for my soul.”: Exploring Older Adults Living with Chronic Disease(s) Experiences with Community Based Exercise Programming
Longer lifespans are associated with increased risk of developing chronic diseases (CD). However, exercise can delay the onset of and promote the management of CD symptoms. One avenue for older adults to pursue exercise is through community-based exercise programs (CBEP). Unfortunately, engagement with and adherence to such programs is a poorly understood area. To combat this, researchers (and practitioners) require a more comprehensive understanding of the experiences of older adults as they pursue such activities. The present study discusses findings from one partner organization offering a CBEP. In total, 11 individuals (9 female, 2 male) participated in virtual semi-structured interviews conducted between March 2022 and July 2023. During this time, the limitations imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic had prompted organizations to provide virtual synchronous exercise classes. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and transcripts were coded using reflexive thematic analysis. Three major themes were identified: Characteristics of the adapted CBEP contributing to a positive experience, Features specific to the online format that impact participation, and “You can’t do it alone”: The perspective of exercise engagement beyond the program. The central concept uniting these themes was that participant experiences were shaped by the need for guidance and relatedness. Our work suggests participants will have a positive experience when virtual synchronous exercise programs are delivered by individuals who are competent (i.e., can tailor exercise programming), professional, and personable. This study contributes to our understanding of older adults’ experiences in CPEB and enhances our understanding of factors related to adherence.
Movement Behaviours of Post-Secondary Students Experiencing Disabilities
Little data exists regarding health behaviours of post-secondary students experiencing disabilities. The purpose of this study was to explore associations between disability and movement behaviours ([MB]; physical activity, sleep, sedentary behaviour, and screen time) among students attending post-secondary institutions across Canada. A secondary data analysis was conducted using data from the online Canadian Campus Wellbeing Survey Fall 2020 to Winter 2023 cycles (n=69,239). Associations between disability experience (physical, blind/visual impairment, Deaf/hard of hearing, neurological) and adherence to MB recommendations were determined using log-binomial regression, after controlling for several confounders (e.g., age, gender, domestic/international status, etc.). Participants experiencing disabilities were 17% (95% CI: 12-23%) less likely to meet all MB recommendations than participants not experiencing disabilities. Participants experiencing physical disabilities were 6% (95% CI: 4-9%) less likely to meet physical activity recommendations than persons not experiencing physical disabilities. Adherence to MB recommendations did not differ among participants experiencing Deafness/hard of hearing and participants not experiencing Deafness/hard of hearing (Prevalence Ratios of 0.94-1.06, p>.05). Participants experiencing blindness/visual impairments were 13% (95% CI: 2-22%) less likely to meet screen time recommendations than participants not experiencing blindness/visual impairments. Persons experiencing neurological disabilities were 18% (95% CI: 12-23%) less likely to meet all MB recommendations than persons not experiencing neurological disabilities. Significant relationships were not observed between number of disabilities experienced and adherence to MB recommendations (Prevalence Ratios of 0.82-0.88, p>.05). Findings highlight the need for meaningful programs/resources promoting MB among post-secondary students experiencing disabilities.
Examining Publicly Available Physical Activity Apps: Do The MARS and ABACUS Measure Up?
Background: Publicly available digital applications (apps) are a popular resource for physical activity, though it is unclear whether commercially distributed applications adhere to behaviour change best practices. The App Behaviour Change Scale (ABACUS) and Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) are validated scales for assessing behaviour change features and quality, respectively, of physical activity apps. Purpose: To identify and analyze the number of active, publicly available digital physical activity apps, exploring the extent to which each app adheres to behaviour change tools, and to identify relationships between the apps’ behaviour change potential, digital app quality, and user ratings. Methods: Using both Apple iTunes and Google Play, key terms ‘physical activity’, ‘exercise’, and ‘fitness’ were searched. Only no-cost, interactive English-based apps were included. Tracking apps (i.e., step count logs) were excluded. Two researchers systematically coded a final sample of 17 apps for ABACUS and MARS scales. Results: ABACUS-defined Feedback and Monitoring, and Actions were significantly related to Subjective Quality (all p<.03). MARS-defined Engagement, Functionality, Aesthetics, Information, and Quality, were significantly related to Subjective Quality (all p<.01). App-specific content related to Awareness, Knowledge, Attitudes (instrumental), and Behaviour Change were significantly related to Subjective Quality (all p<.05). Regression analyses showed no significant interactions between ABACUS and MARS constructs, with app user ratings. Discussion: Non-significant findings suggest ABACUS and MARS criteria may not align with user preferences. Improving physical activity may require focusing on additional cognitive antecedents including physical activity affect. Attention to visual app design may positively influence behaviour change potential.
Adolescent appearance and fitness self-conscious emotions are associated with physical activity in young adulthood
Body self-conscious emotions, comprising of appearance and fitness domains, are important contributors to physical activity, with nuanced associations depending on the specific emotion and activity modality. Adolescence is a turbulent period where body emotions are heightened, and the long-term impact of these emotions on physical activity is not well understood. This study examined the association between appearance and fitness emotions (shame, guilt, envy, embarrassment, authentic and hubristic pride) and physical activity modalities (moderate-to-vigorous aerobic activity [MVPA], resistance training) from adolescence to young adulthood. Women (N = 124, Mage = 22±1.39 years) were participants from a longitudinal cohort study on adolescent body image and sport experiences. Body emotions were reported annually over four years in adolescence, followed by self-reported physical activity in young adulthood 4-years later. Latent growth curve models for each emotion during adolescence were estimated and used to predict women’s MVPA and resistance training. Higher fitness shame, guilt, embarrassment, envy; lower fitness authentic and hubristic pride at baseline, and greater-than-average emotional endorsement throughout adolescence, were significantly related to lower MVPA and resistance training in young adulthood (R² = .08–.22, p < .05). Appearance emotions were only associated with MVPA, demonstrating comparable directionality of effects but smaller effect sizes than fitness emotions. These findings demonstrate that body emotions during adolescence have long-term implications for physical activity, underscoring the need for prevention and emotion regulation supports during this period. Fitness emotions may be particularly important targets to promote engagement in both MVPA and resistance training in young adulthood.
Exploring Unexpected Demands in Weekly Physical Activity Goal Pursuit
Engagement in weekly physical activity can become difficult when demanding circumstances disrupt goals. While research has examined general demands to physical activity (e.g., lack of time), less is known about unexpected demands. These include unforeseen circumstances that may not be considered at the time goals are set (e.g., increased workload). This study explored the prevalence and nature of unexpected demands and goal responses among individuals who set weekly physical activity goals over time. Participants completed three online surveys over three months (Time 1: Mage=36.1±12.3 years, N=200; Time 2: N=93; Time 3: N=60). Eligibility at each timepoint required both setting a weekly physical activity goal and experiencing unexpected demand(s) in the same week. At each timepoint, participants reported their unexpected demand(s), and whether they met, revised, or abandoned their weekly goal. Those who revised their goal identified revision strategies including adjusting the frequency, duration, or type of activity. Participant-reported unexpected demands were analyzed using content analysis. A codebook was developed deductively from existing literature and inductively from Time 1 responses, then applied to Times 2 and 3. Across timepoints, participants reported a total of 517 unexpected demands, the most frequent being work responsibilities (n=120), family responsibilities (n=82), and personal illness (n=68). Revising the weekly goal was the most common response to unexpected demands, reported by 48.5% of participants. Of those who revised their goal, 93.5% adjusted activity frequency. This study identified unexpected demands and responses that may shape physical activity goal pursuit, offering insights to inform adaptive engagement strategies.
Identifying the Conceptual Attributes of Physical Activity Maintenance Among Adults with Physical Disability: Preliminary 6-Month Results
Evidence on physical activity (PA) maintenance in the context of physical disability remains limited due to inconsistent conceptualization of “maintenance”. A configurative review identified conceptual attributes of PA maintenance, grouped into three categories: (1) Individual and Environmental Resources (supportive physical environment, social support, self-monitoring, self-efficacy, and grit); (2) Valued Outcomes of Physical Activity (health outcomes, enjoyment, values PA, and gratification/satisfaction); and (3) Achievement of Maintenance (consistency and achieving PA recommendations). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the identified attributes among adults with physical disability over 6-months. Participants (n=28) were adults with physical disability who reported at least 30 min of PA in the last month. Self-reported questionnaires corresponding with the identified attributes were administered at baseline, 3-months, and 6-months. Multi-level analysis was conducted separately for each attribute category and for each outcome: PA participation and consistency. Among Individual and Environmental Resources, social support significantly predicted PA participation (p=0.007) and self-efficacy significantly predicted consistency (p=0.03). Positive relationships, trending towards significant, were identified for gratification/satisfaction (p=0.09) and enjoyment (p=0.12) with PA participation and grit (p=0.08) and self-monitoring (p=0.10) with consistency. Among Valued Outcomes of Physical Activity satisfaction with PA significantly predicted consistency (p=0.001). These results provide initial findings of the identified PA maintenance attributes among adults with physical disability. Significant and trending results suggest the identified attributes may be relevant for maintaining PA. Future analyses with the larger dataset currently being collected (n = 75) will clarify their contribution to PA maintenance.
Black steps, strong steps: Are Black adults living with type 2 diabetes meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines?
Black adults living in Canada experience almost twice the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) observed in their White counterparts. However, little is known about how many achieve minimum physical activity levels recommended by the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines to manage their T2D. The purpose of this study was to estimate the proportion of Black adults living with T2D in Canada who report achieving the 24-Hour Movement Guideline of 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous aerobic physical activities per week. Between May-August 2024, 186 adults (≥ 18 y) who self-identified as Black, lived in Canada, and reported physician-diagnosed T2D, completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Long Form. Descriptive analysis showed that 38% of the participants (n = 71) met the guideline, 33% (n = 61) did not, and 29% (n = 54) were excluded because key activity data were missing or invalid. The percentage of participants meeting the physical activity guideline more than doubles the 18% national average for Canadians adults overall. Data indicates that many respondents incorporate walking, cycling, household chores, active travel, and physically demanding work—into their daily routines. These findings provide the first population-specific baseline for physical activity among Black adults living with T2D in Canada. Future work should partner with Black communities to learn which cultural practices and daily routines help Black adults living with T2D stay active. Co-creating practical, culturally relevant resources will be an important step toward helping more Black adults living with T2D reach—and enjoy—the recommended activity levels.
“It wasn’t like my body wasn’t working….I had to be active to do all the housework, I didn’t have a choice”: Understanding Canadian South Asian Immigrant Women’s Perspectives on Postpartum Physical Activity
The postpartum period is a time of change and challenge for women. Such challenges can be exacerbated for immigrant and minority women due to language and cultural differences, which negatively impact mental well-being. South Asian immigrant women often engage in lower levels of physical activity compared to European counterparts. Moreover, this population tends to have higher levels of postpartum depression, coupled with a knowledge gap in understanding physical activity benefits for well-being. Limited research exists surrounding postpartum physical activity beliefs and practices among immigrant South Asian women. The study purpose was to understand perspectives and beliefs surrounding physical activity and postpartum care in South Asian immigrant women in Canada. Eleven women (Mage =31.6) who were within their first year postpartum, and had immigrated from India to Canada, engaged in semi-structured interviews in Punjabi. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed from Punjabi into English. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted and four themes were developed: (a) tension between self-care as essential for infant caregiving versus prioritizing infant caregiving over self-care, (b) physical activity was important to care for one’s child and the home, but perceptions of what constituted physical activity varied (i.e., domestic responsibilities); (c) lack of time, lack of knowledge, a physically weak body, and exhaustion were barriers to physical activity engagement, and (d) social support was crucial in improving mental well-being and reducing feelings of isolation, particularly for those with live-in family. Findings highlight the importance of cultural alignment in postpartum physical activity promotion, which can inform culturally-relevant postpartum supports.
From intimidation to empowerment: A critical realist analysis of women’s resistance training and body image
Resistance training (RT) has been identified as a promising approach to improving women’s body image. However, little is known about the contextual and psychological processes that shape this relationship. This study used a critical realist framework to explore women’s experiences of RT and identify mechanisms through which RT environments support or hinder positive body image outcomes. Seven online focus groups were conducted with 22 women aged 20–40 with varied RT experience. Data were analyzed using realist thematic analysis, followed by mechanism mapping to identify generative mechanisms and their contextual antecedents. Four themes were generated: (1) Body image as a socially shaped lens on daily life, (2) Starting RT: Surveillance, self-doubt, and support, (3) Shifting motivations: From appearance to functionality, and (4) Empowerment is contextual: Features of RT settings that support body image. Five core mechanisms were identified through retroductive reasoning and mechanism mapping: increased self-efficacy, reduced body-related self-consciousness, functionality appreciation, authentic pride, and social connectedness. These were proposed to be activated by contextual inputs, including inclusive social modelling, beginner-friendly instruction, low-surveillance space design, process-over-appearance climates, and counter-messaging to gendered body ideals. When activated, these mechanisms are proposed to support short-, medium-, and long-term outcomes related to body image, exercise identity, and sustained RT engagement. Findings suggest RT is not inherently body image–enhancing but can become so when specific contextual conditions are met, offering direction for theory-informed RT intervention design.