Abstract
Background: Publicly available digital applications (apps) are a popular resource for physical activity, though it is unclear whether commercially distributed applications adhere to behaviour change best practices. The App Behaviour Change Scale (ABACUS) and Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) are validated scales for assessing behaviour change features and quality, respectively, of physical activity apps.
Purpose: To identify and analyze the number of active, publicly available digital physical activity apps, exploring the extent to which each app adheres to behaviour change tools, and to identify relationships between the apps’ behaviour change potential, digital app quality, and user ratings.
Methods: Using both Apple iTunes and Google Play, key terms ‘physical activity’, ‘exercise’, and ‘fitness’ were searched. Only no-cost, interactive English-based apps were included. Tracking apps (i.e., step count logs) were excluded. Two researchers systematically coded a final sample of 17 apps for ABACUS and MARS scales.
Results: ABACUS-defined Feedback and Monitoring, and Actions were significantly related to Subjective Quality (all p<.03). MARS-defined Engagement, Functionality, Aesthetics, Information, and Quality, were significantly related to Subjective Quality (all p<.01). App-specific content related to Awareness, Knowledge, Attitudes (instrumental), and Behaviour Change were significantly related to Subjective Quality (all p<.05). Regression analyses showed no significant interactions between ABACUS and MARS constructs, with app user ratings.
Discussion: Non-significant findings suggest ABACUS and MARS criteria may not align with user preferences. Improving physical activity may require focusing on additional cognitive antecedents including physical activity affect. Attention to visual app design may positively influence behaviour change potential.
