Can perfectionism subtypes predict stress variables and achievement goal progress in Canadian university athletes? A prospective test of the 2 x 2 model of dispositional perfectionism

Abstract

Based on the 2 x 2 model of dispositional perfectionism (Gaudreau & Thompson, 2010), evaluative concerns and personal standards dimensions of perfectionism coexists in each person. Specific outcomes can be examined in four distinct perfectionism subtypes: pure self-oriented (SOP), mixed, non, and pure socially prescribed (SPP). CIS athletes (N=189; 48% male) completed the Sport-MPS-2 (Gotwals & Dunn, 2009), with perfectionism dimensions examined by the personal standards and concerns over mistakes scales. After a competition 4-5 weeks later, athletes completed measures of cognitive appraisal, coping function, positive (PA) and negative affect (NA), and goal progress. Results of hierarchical regressions showed that pure SOP was associated with higher levels of control and challenged appraisals, goal progress, and PA compared to non-perfectionism. These two subtypes did not significantly differ on threat appraisals, avoidance coping, and NA. Pure SOP was associated with higher levels of control and challenge, and goal progress and lower threat appraisals, avoidance coping, and NA compared to mixed perfectionism. Mixed perfectionism was associated with higher levels of control and challenge, goal progress, and PA compared to pure SPP. These two subtypes did not significantly differ on threat, avoidance coping, and NA. Overall, results show that pure SOP is generally related with better outcomes whereas pure SPP, and to a lesser extend mixed perfectionism, are associated with worst outcomes.

Acknowledgments: Funded by SSHRC