Investigating correlates of habitual exercise behaviour: Tracking habit development over 12 weeks

Abstract

Social cognitive models have predominantly been applied to study physical activity; yet dual-process theory considers both the controlled (e.g., cognition) and the automatic (i.e., habit) factors for understanding behaviour. It has been proposed that development of habit requires certain antecedents which include: consistency and frequency of behaviour, environmental stability, and an initial intention. Currently, no research has investigated correlates of habitual exercise behaviour by using a longitudinal design. The purpose of this study was to explore correlates of habitual exercise behaviour in adults (n=56) who recently joined a local fitness facility or recreation centre. The participants' exercise behaviours were tracked by administering four questionnaires over 12 weeks. The measurements included an habit construct (Self-Report Habit Index) and controlled constructs (Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale, behavioural intention), and items on behavioural consistency, and gym environment. Ordinary least square regression revealed that affect (r=0.41, p<0.5) consistency (r=.49, p<0.01) and environment (r=.42, p<0.05) were strong predictors to exercise habit. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that only baseline habit score accounted for change in habit (r= .54, p= 0.001). The current findings and the literature suggests that it could be more viable to establish habit in the preparatory phase rather than the exercise itself.