Negative parental behaviour in Canadian youth hockey: Elite insiders' perceptions and recommendations

Abstract

Canadian youth hockey has been under fire recently, with media reports and peer-reviewed research calling attention to parents’ increasingly problematic behaviours including negativity and aggression directed at their children during hockey games (Feschuk, 2011; Friesen, 2012; Robidoux & Bocksnick, 2010). The purpose of this study was to gain understanding of negative parental behaviour in Canadian youth hockey through the perspectives of ten elite hockey insiders (i.e., those with professional, major junior, or university level experience as a player, coach, parent of elite player, official, or national media personality). Specifically, this study attempts to offer understanding not only what is happening, but also understand the mechanisms behind negative and aggressive parental behaviours. Results revealed several concerns with parent behaviour including abuse towards stakeholders, win-at-all costs attitudes, and overstepping boundaries. Participants attempted to shed light on the motives behind such negative behaviour in the minor hockey environment which included: the lure of professional sport, social status within hockey hierarchy, the sizeable investment parents make in youth sport, and living vicariously through their children. Finally, participants proposed specific solutions to address the prevention and management of these issues including suggestions for effective parent education programs, targeted parent curricular content, and the management of reporting and discipline. Findings are discussed within the context of past literature, with a focus on how programs may best foster safe and enjoyable environments for Canadian youth.